What does the octet rule state?

The octet rule is a fundamental concept in chemistry that focuses on the stability of atoms in relation to their electron configuration. It states that atoms tend to lose, gain, or share electrons in order to achieve a full valence shell containing eight electrons. This configuration resembles that of the noble gases, which are inherently stable due to having a complete outer electron shell.

When atoms reach this stable state, they are less reactive and more likely to form stable compounds. For example, elements in groups 1 and 2 on the periodic table may lose electrons to achieve a full octet, while elements in groups 16 and 17 often gain electrons. Some elements may share electrons through covalent bonding to complete their octet.

This principle helps explain why certain atoms bond in specific ways, guiding our understanding of molecular structure and chemical reactions. The other choices do not accurately reflect the octet rule, as they either describe different aspects of atomic behavior or oversimplify electron interaction.